Immaculate Conception scientific name. Philosophical Dictionary. Is the Immaculate Conception Possible?

A resident of Poland filed a claim against an Egyptian hotel in July 2009. Magdalena Kwiatkowska claims that her 13-year-old daughter became pregnant while swimming in a hotel pool, where there was... “accidental sperm” in the water!

Messengers of God?

The Polish woman intended to obtain substantial compensation from the Egyptian side, although its amount was not specified. “The woman is adamant that her daughter did not date any boys while she was in Egypt, so she is determined to get things moving,” a travel source told The Daily Mail.

Nonsense? A banal money scam? Not so simple. It turns out that in order to get pregnant, a woman does not need a male partner at all and, even moreover, she does not always need his sperm!

English scientists recently announced that in the future they will begin to impregnate women without using male sperm. The method they discovered involves the presence of two female eggs, which are connected in a certain way, after which a human embryo is born in them.

True, this same-sex fertilization has one drawback - as a result, only girls will be born.

At the same time, such a method is a thing of the future, however, even without it, some representatives of the fairer sex, both in the past and today, in the most incredible way, “got pregnant” and gave birth to completely normal children!

Recently, for example, in France, seventeen-year-old Parisian Anouk Didier, distinguished by her piety and strict disposition, unexpectedly for everyone, including herself, became pregnant. Not only was the girl a virgin, but she had never even kissed a man, which she herself and her relatives and friends swore in the Bible.

The French scientists who studied this phenomenal phenomenon stated with surprise: the Anouk egg was not fertilized from the outside, the embryo was formed as a result of... self-conception.

After the required nine months, Didier successfully gave birth to a sweet girl. Both in appearance and in all medical indicators, the newborn turned out to be completely normal, no different from ordinary children.

Around the same time as in France, in one of the monasteries in the south of Great Britain, the nun Margaret, famous for her chastity and meekness, unexpectedly became pregnant. Of course, she was immediately suspected of secret fornication and expelled from the monastery in disgrace. Neither the collective statement of other nuns, who tried to assure the church authorities of the innocence of their “sister,” nor Margaret’s appeal to medical specialists, who confirmed that she had never had sexual intimacy with men, helped.

Now the former nun is raising her daughter Mary. By the way, many parishioners are seriously interested in her immaculately conceived daughter, considering her a messenger of God. Several sick women who asked permission to touch the child (in this way they wanted to get rid of the ailments that tormented them) were actually healed.

Genetic paradox

Today, few experts doubt that the virgin birth is possible. But how and why does it happen? — a definite answer to these questions has not yet been found.

It is known that a female egg ready for fertilization contains 23 chromosomes. During an immaculate conception, these carriers of genetic information are doubled, and 46 chromosomes are formed in the egg, which are necessary for the development of an embryo, albeit exclusively female.

What forces push the egg towards such an extraordinary development of events? There are several assumptions about this. For example, some biologists believe that the “miracles” are caused by a hitherto unknown microorganism that is present in humans and, under extreme conditions (for example, high temperature, stress, etc.) stimulates the development of the egg without its prior fertilization.

As observations have shown, most often such cases occur in places where the level of infectious diseases is very high. As a result, it was suggested that some form of bacteria, having penetrated the body of a virgin, could stimulate the unfertilized cell to develop.

Another hypothesis was put forward by University of London professor Jay Berry. The scientist believes that some representatives of the fair sex, despite their feminine appearance and ability to have children, are actually genetically male. And they are quite capable of reproducing offspring without fertilization, albeit exclusively male ones.

As an example, the professor cites the well-known case of the Blessed Virgin Mary, thereby trying to prove that there is no flaw in the idea of the virgin birth of Jesus Christ.

Ufologists have their own theory about this. They claim that the virgin birth phenomenon is just one of many genetic projects that aliens have carried out and continue to carry out on Earth.

What is parthenogenesis?

In 1834, Russian academician E. A. Eversman described the rock lizard “Lacerta saxikol” that he discovered in the Caucasus. More than a hundred years later, in 1958, then a young employee of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia (and later a prominent herpetologist) I. S. Darevsky became interested in these lizards. Having looked through more than 40 specimens caught in the mountains of Armenia, he did not find a single male among them.

This was quite unexpected, since most lizards have a close sex ratio, approximately one to one. Continuing his research, Darevsky suddenly discovered in rock lizards... virgin reproduction!

For many invertebrate animals, virgin birth or, scientifically, parthenogenesis is not uncommon. This saves the species from extinction if for some reason there is not a single male specimen nearby.

But parthenogenesis in reptiles and vertebrates! Darevsky's message was met with hostility by scientists all over the world, but the facts remained facts, and several years later they were confirmed many times over: other similar lizards were found, and in total there are now about a thousand species of various animals on Earth, including fish and amphibians and even birds that reproduce in the so-called “maleless” way.

In 2001, an amazing event occurred in a private zoo open to visitors in the US state of Nebraska, which at first was not given much importance. A hammerhead shark has become a mother. Before that, she spent three years in captivity, far from the males of her species, so the zoo staff were at a loss as to who became the father of the toothy cubs.

It was possible to understand the personal life of the hammerhead shark only with the help of complex DNA analysis. To the surprise of the researchers, it turned out that there was no father at all. The shark was driven to the immaculate conception by loneliness.

Six years later, the story of the Immaculate Conception was repeated at the Virginia Aquarium, where a shark named Tidbit died as a result of illness. Throughout the eight years that she was in captivity, she, like the shark from Nebraska, had no meetings with males of her species.

An autopsy showed that Tidbit was pregnant: a cub approximately 25 centimeters long was found in her womb.

At first, biologists decided that the shark was impregnated by a male of another species - something that had never been observed before. However, subsequent DNA analysis showed that we are still talking about parthenogenesis. “This is not a miracle,” said Damian Chapman of the Pew Oceanographic Institution. “Theoretically, this option is provided by nature, and for many species of sharks.”

Scientists believe that the activation of the parthenogenesis mechanism in aquatic inhabitants may signal negative processes in the ocean in general and in some species of sharks in particular. “Parthenogenesis may be due to females simply not being able to find mates due to global population decline,” says Mahmud Shivji of Nova Southeastern University's oceanography center.

Unique Lina

But let's get back to the people. In 1939, another gynecological miracle occurred in a remote Peruvian village. Five-year-old Lina Medina, due to her youth, did not pay attention to the fact that her belly began to grow. Her parents noticed strange changes and brought their daughter to the shaman.

According to local belief, if a person was overcome by demons, a snake began to grow inside him, which then killed the possessed person. Lina was also given the same diagnosis. True, the shaman still admitted that he was not sure of his conclusions, and they decided to show the girl to the doctor.

In the nearest city, where her father took her, it was not difficult for specialists to determine that she was pregnant, and the hymen was intact. The head physician of the hospital in the city of Pisco, Gerardo Lozada, found out that Lina began menstruation when she was only 2.5 years old. Her breasts and ovaries are already fully developed.

Doctors explained the phenomenon as a hormonal imbalance due to a malfunction of the pituitary gland.

The young woman in labor underwent a caesarean section, and an absolutely healthy boy weighing 3 kilograms was born, as if he was carried not by a little girl, but by an adult woman. The baby was named Gerardo.

News of the fantastic birth soon reached the United States. Lina was declared the youngest mother in the world and was offered to come to the United States, promising to pay her a thousand dollars a week if she agreed to appear at the World's Fair in New York. But the Peruvian government did not want to share the glory and announced that they would take Lina and the child into their care.

However, when passions subsided, officials quickly lost interest in the young mother, and she never saw the promised money.

Lina continued to live in complete poverty, although she did not feel unhappy, and she treated her son as one of nine brothers and sisters. Gerardo found out who Lina really was only at the age of 10, when his classmates who constantly teased him opened his eyes.

As an adult, Lina got married and gave birth to another son in 1972. Gerardo died in 1979 at the age of 40. And his mother is still alive.

The terrible power of the curse

But as history shows, it's not just virgins who get pregnant. In the Dutch village of Luuzdunen there is a monument to Countess Margaret of Henneberg, who became pregnant without the help of her husband or lover.

In the local church there is a small wooden icon, which tells the story of the unfortunate countess, who gave birth to 365 children on Easter 1276 - during one birth, and two baths in which, according to the inscriptions on them, these children were baptized.

Today, thousands of people come to look at these relics and wonder - could this really happen? It's no joke - giving birth to 365 children at once! Maybe it's just a legend?

However, there is undeniable evidence that Margaret of Henneberg is indeed a historical character. Born in 1234, at the age of fifteen she married Count Hermann of Henneberg.

The following entry was made in the historical chronicle: “During Easter, Countess Margaret of Henneberg gave birth to 365 sons and daughters and died calmly, along with them. Her grave is located in Luuzdunen, in a stone sarcophagus, decorated with an epitaph made of metal letters ... "

It all started with the fact that the countess, who was reputed to be extremely pious, once met a beggar woman leading a whole bunch of twins. The countess's blood boiled with anger: according to the prejudices of those years, it was believed that twins were born only to girls who slept with many men at the same time.

The countess accused the beggar woman of shameless adultery. The latter, calling God as a witness, declared her innocence, and then cursed the countess and wished her to give birth to as many children as there were days in the year.

According to Dutch chroniclers, after this meeting Margarita went to bed for two weeks, after which she discovered that she was pregnant, and by Easter she gave birth to 365 babies. They were tiny, like a mouse, but had a completely human structure. All of them were baptized in the already mentioned baths by Bishop Guido of Utrecht. The male babies were named Ian, and all the girls were named Elizabeth.

Soon after baptism, the shocked mother died, and immediately after her all her offspring died.

People then believed that God heard the beggar woman’s curse and carried out this terrible sentence. But in our time, doctors see another reason that led to the birth of such a huge number of twins.

Accepting the birth of 365 babies not as a legend, but as a reliable fact, doctors believe that since the Countess was extremely pious, the shock caused by the curse could in a certain way affect the processes occurring in her uterus. After all, there are many cases where suggestion makes a person paralyzed, completely bald, blind, and so on.

In this case, the suggestion was implemented at the level of the physiological reproductive system: it triggered the pregnancy mechanism, and as a result, 365 eggs of the uterus were self-fertilized without the participation of sperm.

Meanwhile, already in our time, an incident no less incredible, from the point of view of scientists, occurred in Iran. A resident of the city of Iranshahr, located in the southeast of the country, gave birth to a frog with human features!

According to the Iranian newspaper Etemaad, it is believed that the frog grew from a larva in the woman's body. The publication quotes experts who claim that the frog exhibits some traits that are characteristic of humans.

In particular, clinical biology specialist Dr. Aminifard claims that the shape of the fingers, tongue, as well as its size in the frog, which was born in such an unusual way, are very similar to those of humans.

Scientists suggest that the virgin birth occurred while a woman was swimming in a dirty pool. It was then that a foreign larva entered her body.

How the unusual pregnancy proceeded, as well as the process of childbirth, was not reported in the Iranian press. The doctors also kept silent about the size of the frog. Apparently, there were good reasons for this.

“There is not a single Eastern religion in which immaculate virgin“did not give birth to a child from God,” said one of the heroes of Mikhail Bulgakov’s famous novel “The Master and Margarita.” “And the Christians, without inventing anything new, created their Jesus in the same way.”...

Two thousand years after the birth of Christ, having discovered cloning and deciphered the genome, humanity is still struggling with this mystery. Is the Immaculate Conception a miracle, a legend or an incredible reality?

Madonna of many children

The Church has recognized the Immaculate Conception for a long time. The sinlessness of the Nativity of Christ by the Virgin Mary was proclaimed by the third Ecumenical Council of Ephesus in 431. The dogma of the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary herself was introduced by the Catholic Church on December 8, 1854 (it is not recognized by Orthodoxy).

We, without at all wanting to offend the feelings of believers, discuss only the physiology of the phenomenon. Moreover, theologians understand purity not so much as virginity itself, but rather as not being subject to sin and Satan. But there are people today who are trying to “exploit the Gospel.”

Thus, in the town of Idstein, in a local court, forty-five-year-old Birgit Weiss was recently recognized as an “immaculate virgin.” The lady, who already has a daughter, stated that after divorcing her husband she did not have sex with anyone, but she became pregnant and gave birth to a child.

Her ex-husband immediately accused her of trying to rip off £7,000 in “alimony” from him and rushed to get a genetic test. The analysis confirmed that the child was not his. Then local judge August Henge, citing Christian shrines, supported Birgit's claim of the virgin birth. Professor Wolfgang Schulz from Hamburg commented “according to the Hamburg account” this case as follows:

— From a scientific point of view, birth due to a truly virgin birth is impossible. However, even a small amount of sperm is sufficient to fertilize an egg.

Life-giving kiss

Another high-profile story about the virgin birth began in America in 1995.

Eighteen-year-old Anna Kreid came to the University of Massachusetts Research Center in her second month of pregnancy. At the same time, the girl claimed that she had never had intimacy with any man.

The examination confirmed that Anna is innocent. Although sometimes the hymen is so elastic that it does not tear during sexual intercourse, nevertheless allowing the most “nimble” sperm to pass through it. But during further research, no traces of sexual intercourse were found in Anna’s body.

“Suspicion” again fell on parthenogenesis. But, having done an ultrasound of the fetus, the version of self-fertilization was shallow - the child was a boy. Then they began to suspect twenty-year-old Steve Casey, with whom Anna had been dating for three years. However, he claimed that they did not have sexual intercourse. The only thing that chaste students allowed themselves to do was kiss their private parts.

Sperm were found in Casey's saliva. Their concentration, several times less than in sperm, was still enough for conception.

“Perhaps Steve is the first man to impregnate a woman with a kiss,” university professor Ed Reisen told the press. - Although he may not be the only one whose saliva contains sperm.

After a series of experiments, a section of spermatogenic epithelium was indeed discovered in Steve's salivary gland. Probably, some of the cells “moved” from the testicles to an unusual area during the period of intrauterine development due to a gene defect.

- This case is extremely rare. So it’s not worth inventing a condom for the tongue yet, they assured everyone at the University of Massachusetts.

The Curse of Naked Pops

What about Russia? Is it really true that not a single immaculate conception has been recorded in its vast expanses? It’s hard to say whether they happened before - for such a confession the girl could easily be thrown into a psychiatric hospital. The game of silence continues to this day. But the case of St. Petersburg resident Olga Safronova, a virgin who gave birth to a girl in the late 90s, nevertheless became public.

At first, the doctors looked at Olga with great distrust. She claimed that not only did she not have sexual contact with a man, but she also did not kiss or even hold hands.

Just before her pregnancy, the girl experienced terrible stress - her parents died in a car accident. Could she, under his influence, forget about sexual intercourse? Maybe yes. But no psychological abnormalities were found in her.

Some scientists who observed Olga believe in parthenogenesis. A hypothesis has arisen that if a woman experiences stress at the time of ovulation, the egg may begin to fragment, and spontaneous conception occurs. By the way, according to the same hypothesis, an orgasm, close in its effect to severe stress, can trigger the mechanism of parthenogenesis. So you shouldn’t make love on dangerous days, even if you are protected to the teeth.

Other geneticists are inclined to believe that in Olga’s case there was no parthenogenesis. Most likely, sperm still got into her body. Let's say a girl dried herself with her dad's towel or sat down, sorry, with her bare butt in the place where her brother had recently sat with his bare butt - and that's it, the job is done. After all, three sperm are enough to fertilize a healthy woman.

Naughty Wolhabia

According to the latest data, cases of unexplained “immaculate conceptions” have recently become more frequent. It’s too early to talk about an epidemic, but 16 “miracles” have already been recorded. Parisian Anouk Didier became the latest virgin to give birth. Having carried the girl, she claimed that she had never had any contact with men. Research has shown that the egg was indeed not fertilized externally.

Then a theory was born to explain spontaneous conception. Everything was blamed on... bacteria. The bacterium Wolhabia lives in the bodies of more than five million species of insects, but has recently been experimenting on humans. It stimulates the division of the egg, thereby forming an embryo.

Scientists note that “immaculate conceptions” are most often observed in places with a high level of infectious diseases and poor ecology. But Walhabia’s tricks are not limited to the division of eggs. Once in the body of a pregnant woman, this “man-hater” is capable of changing the male sex of the fetus to female, and never vice versa.

Starship Troopers

Ufologists also made their contribution to the “theory” of the immaculate conception. They are sure that the angel from whom the Virgin Mary conceived was not an angel at all, but an alien. The purpose of Christ's creation was to create a new, advanced version of man. Moreover, the genetics that Christ carried were not simple, but combined - from Sirian and Pleiadian.

Jesus did not die on the cross. After the crucifixion, he went into hiding, traveled around the world, and had many children. He traveled to Southern Europe, India and Japan. So, according to Fox Mulder's friends, the virgin birth is just one of many genetic projects carried out by aliens on Earth.

As you can see, the mystery of the Immaculate Conception has not yet been resolved. But even if human parthenogenesis is possible, it is unlikely that we will immediately reproduce in a sinless way. Still, basic instinct is a serious thing. And any instinct is also a security mechanism of the species.

And even those scientists who consider self-conception an ideal method of reproduction and predict the complete disappearance of men in the future admit that this will not happen earlier than in a million years.

Such a phenomenon as the virgin birth is a rarity these days. That is why a large number of female representatives do not believe in such a phenomenon. However, to date, 16 cases of virgin birth have been reported worldwide. Let's take a closer look at this phenomenon and try to figure out: how this happens, under what conditions it is possible, and what the term “immaculate conception” generally means.

How is the possibility of immaculate conception confirmed in humans?

As is known, according to one theory, monkeys are the ancestors of humans, i.e. hence humans belong to the animal kingdom. And in the animal world, such a phenomenon as parthenogenesis (the scientific name for the virgin birth) is not uncommon. In this way, certain species of lizards and even birds and a large number of invertebrate organisms can reproduce without difficulty. All this, in theory, confirms the possibility of the emergence of the immaculate conception in our days.

Real life cases can confirm such a phenomenon as the virgin birth. As one of these, we can consider the pregnancy of Englishwoman Sarah Fry. According to the woman herself, at the age of thirty she was still virginally pure. Everything in her life was quite ordinary up to a certain point. After a work trip to Southeast Asia, Sarah suddenly encountered a problem like... But she thought so until she visited a gynecologist, who, after an examination, concluded that the woman was pregnant. Many scientists became interested in this phenomenon and, after lengthy research, concluded that the cause of the immaculate conception was the food that the woman ate while on a long journey.

How does the Immaculate Conception occur?

With this phenomenon, the 23 chromosomes contained in a mature egg begin to divide on their own, resulting in the formation of 46. After this, the egg begins to fragment, eventually turning into an embryo. It is worth noting that in such cases, only a female child can be born, because The necessary Y chromosome is not present in the female body.

What do scientists say is the main reason for the virgin birth?

In a study of women who gave birth to a child without the participation of a man, it was found that the cause of such a miracle was a bacterium, the presence of which was often observed in the body of insects. Once in the human body, its vital activity leads to the fact that the egg, matured as a result of the menstrual cycle, suddenly begins to divide on its own.

Also among scientists there is an opinion that the activator of this bacterium is an increase in ambient temperature (for example, visiting a bathhouse or sauna). However, this fact has not been confirmed, but is only a scientific assumption.

Speaking about whether virgin birth is possible, it should be noted that most scientists refuse to acknowledge this fact, citing the dishonesty of the women themselves. After all, having a woman intact is far from means that she is a virgin and has never had sexual intercourse. After all, defloration often does not occur during sexual intercourse, i.e. the hymen remains intact, and male reproductive cells penetrate the uterus through the holes in the hymen itself.

In addition, conception is also possible during anal sex, when sperm flows into the vagina and penetrates the reproductive organs.

Thus, the virgin birth today raises many doubts among modern doctors, who for the most part refuse to believe in such a phenomenon, despite the presence of real, recorded facts around the world.

Evang. myth about the miraculous, supernatural. birth of Christ by Mary, who conceived him immaculately from St. spirit, remained a virgin (most pure, ever-virgin). Thus, the God-man Christ turns out to be free from the firstborn. sin. The myth about N. z. has analogues in pre-Christian times. religions (for example, several centuries BC in Buddhism there already existed a myth about the N. Z. Gautama as the maiden Maya). Official church dogma of N. z. becomes from the III (Ephesus) Council, the council in 431. The intensive development of the cult of the Madonna in Catholicism leads in 1854 to the proclamation by Pius IX of a new dogma - N. z. Mary by her mother Anna. Evangelists are trying to find a prophecy about the New Testament. in the Old Testament (Isaiah’s message about the virgin’s “receiving Emmanuel in the womb”), linking it with the legend of the Annunciation, and some church fathers - even among the Romans. the “pagan” poet Virgil. Mystic. and the absurd nature of the dogma of N. Z. repeatedly made him the object of criticism from non-believers, skeptics and freethinkers.

View value Immaculate Conception in other dictionaries

Conception- germ, conceive, etc. see conceive.
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Conception Wed.— 1. Process of action according to meaning. verb: to conceive (1*1). 2. The result of such a process.
Explanatory Dictionary by Efremova

Conception- -I; Wed Birth of the fetus (in the womb); fertilization, beginning of pregnancy.
◊ Immaculate Conception (see Immaculate).
Kuznetsov's Explanatory Dictionary

Conception— , beginning of pregnancy. This term refers to the moment of fertilization of an EGG (ovum) by SPERM or the implantation of a fertilized egg into the wall of the UTERUS.
Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

Conception— (conceptio) the occurrence of pregnancy; includes fertilization of the egg and implantation of the fertilized egg.
Large medical dictionary

Conception of St. Anne- Christian holiday December 9/22, in Russian folk life in many places the day of the conception of St. Anna was celebrated by pregnant women. The basis for this custom was........
Historical Dictionary

Conception- the beginning of the formation and development of a new organism after fertilization - the union of a mature egg with a sperm. determines the onset of pregnancy. Ability........
Sexological encyclopedia

Virgin Conception— It is based on mythological ideas about the conception and birth of a child by a woman (girl) without the participation of a man, directly or indirectly related to religious beliefs........
Encyclopedia of Mythology

Immaculate Conception

a religious concept concerning conception either without seed or conception in which original sin is not transferred to the child.

In Christianity, the concept of “immaculate conception” is used in relation to two completely different doctrines:

Catholic Encyclopedia. EdwART. 2011.

See what the “Immaculate Conception” is in other dictionaries:

The Immaculate Conception is a religious concept concerning conception either without seed or conception in which original sin is not passed on to the child. Sometimes this term is used in relation to mythological subjects (the conception of Perseus ... ... Wikipedia

virgin birth- The Conception of Christ by the Virgin Mary... Dictionary of many expressions

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION- pregnancy while maintaining the hymen. N. z. occurs when the penis is not fully inserted into the vagina. In particular, this occurs with vaginismus, when a woman allows stimulation of the clitoris by a man’s penis or sexual intercourse... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION- evang. myth about the miraculous, supernatural. birth of Christ by Mary, to heaven, having conceived him immaculately from St. spirit, remained a virgin (most pure, with a wife). Thus, the God-man Christ turns out to be free from the firstborn. sin. The myth about N. z. has analogues in... ... Atheist Dictionary

- “Immaculate Conception”, painting by Murillo. Iconography includes images ... Wikipedia

- “Immaculate Conception”, painting by Murillo. Iconography includes an image of Mary floating in the sky on a crescent moon. The Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (lat. Immaculata conceptio, for example, among Greek and Orphan Catholics, “Conception by St. Anne”, officially Greek... ... Wikipedia

Catholic doctrine (lat. Immaculate conception), according to which the Virgin Mary was conceived from ordinary parents in a natural way, but original sin did not pass on to Her. The dogma was established in 1854 and is recognized only by Catholics.... ... Catholic Encyclopedia

The doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (lat. Virginal conception), according to which Mary miraculously conceived Jesus Christ, while remaining a virgin. The virgin birth of Jesus is confirmed by the Gospel text and is shared by all... ... Catholic Encyclopedia

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF THE VIRGIN MARY- see Immaculate Conception... Atheist Dictionary

Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary- ♦ (ENG Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary) the position formulated in the bull of Pope Pius IX Ineffabilis Deus (Dec. 8, 1854), that Mary from the first minute of her conception was protected from original sin thanks to a special grace ... Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms

Books

6 Women and the Immaculate Conception, Antonio Meneghetti. Those who are familiar with the work of Antonio Meneghetti know that the author has an excellent understanding of issues of female psychology and femininity...
6 Women and the Immaculate Conception, Meneghetti A.. “The purpose of this book is to awaken in the reader an aesthetic sensitivity to life. I see my task as teaching a person ways of self-determination regarding a higher horizon...