The feat of Minin and Pozharsky. True patriots of Russia. Topic: “Who are Minin and Pozharsky? Posad man Kuzma Minin is a heroic personality

It is customary to talk about some historical figures together, uniting them into a single whole. Herzen and Ogarev, Marx and Engels, Minin and Pozharsky. Without the last couple, the Russian history of the Time of Troubles is unthinkable.

The fugitive monk Grishka Otrepiev appeared under the name of Tsarevich Dmitry, becoming the first Russian impostor. After the murder of B. Godunov, Fyodor, his mother and Grishka himself, the second False Dmitry appeared. The country was in a deep dynastic crisis. Cities, including Moscow, were burned and destroyed, crime and looting flourished. The plight provoked the intervention of the Poles and Swedes.

Prince Pozharsky and his heroic role in history

Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky belonged to the Rurik family. During the reign of Boris Godunov he was a solicitor with a dress, False Dmitry - a steward. At the beginning of the 17th century he defended Kolomna and the outskirts of Moscow from bandits. While heroically fighting against the Poles who captured the capital in 1611, he was wounded. He was sent for treatment to the Nizhny Novgorod Puretsk volost. By order of Minin, ambassadors came here with an offer to lead the local militia, which rose up to defend Moscow. In response to this, Prince Pozharsky expressed the desire to have in him an elected person from the townspeople in the person of Minin.

Posad man Kuzma Minin is a heroic personality

Kuzma Zakharyevich Minin, popularly nicknamed Sukhoruk, was an ordinary man of average income from Nizhny Novgorod. He sold meat without standing out in any way. Like other townspeople, he took part in military campaigns. However, from the autumn of 1611, the humble merchant became the main person in the city. A simple Russian person, grieving over the difficult fate of his fatherland and thinking about helping him, began to call for people to take care of Russia. He personally donated his funds to hire military men. Subsequently, it was Minin who was in charge of the treasury of the militia, providing the warriors with salaries and supplies. He was also a valiant warrior, having shown himself in the battle with Khodkevich near Moscow.

It was these two people who played a central role in the liberation of the fatherland from foreigners. Other detachments, dissatisfied with the invaders, joined the Nizhny Novgorod militia. Having pacified the riots in the Volga region, Pozharsky went to Moscow. In October 1612, Kitay-Gorod and the Kremlin were taken by storm. The Poles left the city, and Minin and Pozharsky became heroes of the nation.

Grateful descendants, using money raised by the whole world, erected a monument to the heroes on Red Square. At first, in 1818, it stood in the very center of the square. Then in 1930 it was moved to St. Basil's Cathedral.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution of the Perevozsky municipal district of the Nizhny Novgorod region

"Dubskaya basic secondary school"

Contest

“The roots of history go to the future”

Nomination

“Historical figure: a feat in the fate of Russia”

Creative work

“The feat of Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky”

Completed:

6th grade student Vlasenko Vladislav

2012

The feat of Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky

Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky is one of the outstanding leaders of the liberation movement of the early 17th century. According to reviews of his contemporaries and according to historical documents, he was distinguished by justice and generosity, modesty and decency, courage and the ability to self-sacrifice. The main thing in his life was to protect his homeland from enemy invasions. This is a military duty, and he performed it conscientiously and honestly. The patriotic feat of Dmitry Pozharsky became a symbol of selfless service to the Fatherland.

Let's imagine the Russian state at the beginning of the 17th century. In the State of Troubles. Russia at this time fell into decline. Impostors, Lithuanians and Poles literally ravaged the country. When False Dmitry II tried to capture Kolomna, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky received a baptism of fire. He belonged to an honorable noble family, was educated and purposeful. He was not indifferent to the fate of his state; the spirit of patriotism was strong in him!

Tired of the endless Troubles, Russia dreamed of firm power, but at that time there was no one to restore order in the state. The idea of ​​a people's militia came up.

“Orthodox people,” elder Kuzma Minin addressed the residents of Nizhny Novgorod, “we will not spare our bellies. We will mortgage our yards and liberate the Russian land...” Dmitry Pozharsky was asked to lead the army. There were legends about the generosity and generosity of the Grand Duke. Even though Pozharsky was seriously wounded, he agreed to be the leader. Dmitry realized all the responsibility for the fate of the state. He was a true patriot of his Motherland. The Nizhny Novgorod militia moved to liberate Moscow. Along the way, local peasants joined the militia, and the war became a people's war! The prince entered the city with his troops and surrounded the Kremlin. Here he founded his camp. Under siege, the Poles were deprived of provisions and experienced severe hunger. But Pozharsky’s offer to surrender was refused. An army of fifteen thousand came from Poland to help the enemy. On August 24, 1612, the Poles began to storm Dmitry’s fortress, and he had to fight in an unequal battle. Pozharsky saved most of the infantry and retreated. When Minin appeared on the horizon with reinforcements, a counterattack began. Some of the enemy troops retreated, while the other was trapped in Moscow. Two months later the Poles surrendered to the Russians. The liberation of Moscow, the heart of Russia, caused a powerful upsurge in the nationwide struggle against the invaders remaining on Russian territory.

With the liberation of Moscow, the Time of Troubles finally ended, and the Russian principalities united again. The reign of the Romanovs has begun! Dmitry Pozharsky is truly a national hero and liberator of Russia from Polish oppression!

Pravda.Ru 04.11.2007 at 3:00

On November 4, 1612, the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky took Kitai Gorod by storm, freeing Moscow from Polish invaders.

In September 1611, a small “trading man”, Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin, appealed to the townspeople to create a people’s militia. At a city meeting, he made his famous speech: “Orthodox people, we want to help the Moscow state, we will not spare our bellies, and not just our bellies - we will sell our yards, we will pawn our wives and children and we will beat our heads so that someone will become our boss. And what praise will all of us receive from the Russian land that such a great thing will happen from such a small city as ours.” At Minin’s suggestion, the 30-year-old Novgorod prince Dmitry Pozharsky was invited to the post of chief governor.

Pozharsky agreed to be a governor on the condition that the townspeople themselves would choose an assistant for him who would be in charge of the treasury of the militia. And Minin became “the elected man of the whole earth.” More than 10 thousand serving local people, up to three thousand Cossacks, more than a thousand archers and many “dacha people” from the peasants gathered under the banners of Pozharsky and Minin. With the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, the Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo militia managed to take China Town by storm on November 1, 1612 and expel the Poles from Moscow. On November 4, the command of the interventionist garrison signed a surrender and released the Moscow boyars and other nobles from the Kremlin; the next day the garrison surrendered.

At the end of February 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov, the first Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty, as the new Tsar. By decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a holiday was established in honor of this great event (celebrated until 1917). This day was included in the church calendar as the Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612.

November 4, 1784 (October 24, O.S.) Osip (Giuseppe) Ivanovich Bove was born (1784-1834) - Russian architect, famous for the reconstruction of Moscow after the fire of 1812. Beauvais was born in St. Petersburg in the family of the Neapolitan artist Vincenzo Giovanni Bova, who came to Russia in 1782 to work in the Hermitage. The name Giuseppe was later changed in Russian style to Osip Ivanovich. Soon after Osip's birth, the family moved to Moscow.

From 1802 he studied at the architectural school at the Kremlin Building Expedition, under Camporesi. The beginning of the young architect’s creative activity took place under the guidance of M.F. Kazakova and K.I. Rossi in Moscow and Tver. During the war, Beauvais joins the militia.

To restore the burned Moscow, a special Commission was created, in which Bove became the architect of the fourth section and was responsible for the central districts of the city: Tverskaya, Arbatskaya, Presnenskaya, Novinskaya and Gorodskaya parts. In 1814, Beauvais was appointed chief architect of the "facade part", overseeing the projects and their "production exactly according to the projected lines, as well as the issued plans and facades."

Beauvais managed to renew the appearance of the ancient capital on a new scale and according to a single stylistic plan. Under the leadership of Bove, in the center of Moscow, the shopping arcades in the classicist style opposite the Kremlin were rebuilt (not preserved), Red Square was reconstructed, the earthworks around the Kremlin were demolished and the ditch was filled in, the Kremlin (Alexandrovsky) garden was laid out, the Manezh was built, Theater Square with the Bolshoi Theater was created (Mikhailov’s initial project). According to Bove's design, the Triumphal Gate was built at the Tverskaya Zastava (recreated in 1968 near Poklonnaya Gora).

Among the public buildings built by Beauvais, one of the most significant is the City Hospital on Bolshaya Kaluzhskaya Street. It was the first public hospital in the city, which was supposed to “accept for use people of all conditions.”

Among Bove's religious buildings, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Kotelniki has been preserved. In 1822, Bove built a church in the village of Arkhangelskoye, the estate of his wife, Princess Trubetskoy. One of the latest creations is the rotunda of the Church of All Who Sorrow on Bolshaya Ordynka. Beauvais died in Moscow and was buried in the Donskoy Monastery cemetery.

Events:

On this day in 1873 gold crowns for teeth were patented. This was done by a dentist from San Francisco, John Beers.

November 4, 1879 The first cash register was patented. James Ritty did this to put an end to the theft of bartenders in his saloon in the town of Dayton, USA, Ohio.

On this day in 1890 The world's first subway line opened in London. The first passenger and discoverer of the movement was the Prince of Wales, the future King of Great Britain Edward VII.

On the same day, but in 1922 Englishman Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in Egypt. The excavations lasted two years and made amazing discoveries - for thousands of years this burial was miraculously not plundered.

November 4, 1946 UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, was founded in Paris.

On this day in 1970 The Human Rights Committee was organized in the USSR. The organization's charter was signed on this day by academician Andrei Sakharov, young theorist Andrei Tverdokhlebov and Valery Chalidze.

Birthdays:

November 4, 1577 (430 years ago) was born Joseph (Francois Leclerc Du Tremblay)(1577 - 12/18/1638), famous French diplomat and clergyman. He was one of the main court intriguers of his time and after he became the secretary of Cardinal Richelieu in 1611, he received the nickname "Grey Eminence".

On this day in 1840 was born Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov(1840 - 15.9.1866), revolutionary who unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Alexander II.

November 4, 1897 (110 years ago) was born Alexandra Sergeevna Khokhlova(11/4/1897 - 8/22/1985), famous silent film actress of the 20s.

On this day in 1934 was born Nikolai Alfredovich Plate, famous chemist, academician, vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

On this day in 1956 was born Igor Talkov(1956 - 6.10.1991), singer, songwriter.

November 4, 1972 was born Luis Filipe Madeira Coeiro Figo, famous Portuguese footballer, midfielder of the national team. Winner of the Cup Winners' Cup and Super Cup in 1997, the Golden Ball as the best football player in Europe in 2000, and won the Champions League in 2002.

Sorrowful dates:

On this day in 1847 (160 years ago) died Felix Mendelssohn(3.2.1809 - 1847), great German composer, founder of the first German conservatory in 1843 - in Leipzig.

November 4, 1987 (20 years ago) died Mikhail Ivanovich Tsarev(12/1/1903 - 1987), actor of the Maly Theater, People's Artist of the USSR.

On this day in 1995 died Yitzhak Rabin(1.3.1922 - 1995), Prime Minister of Israel, assassinated by a Jewish extremist.

Name days:

Today, according to the Orthodox calendar, name days are celebrated by Alexander, Anna, Anton, Anfisa, Vasily, Vladimir, German, Gregory, Denis, Elizabeth, Zakhar, Ivan, Irakli, Konstantin, Maximilian, Nikolai, Pavel, Seraphim and Fedor.

The issue was prepared by Gulya Brik and Max K*.

Pravda.Ru 04.11.2007 at 3:00

On November 4, 1612, the people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky took Kitai Gorod by storm, freeing Moscow from Polish invaders.

In September 1611, a small “trading man”, Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin, appealed to the townspeople to create a people’s militia. At a city meeting, he made his famous speech: “Orthodox people, we want to help the Moscow state, we will not spare our bellies, and not just our bellies - we will sell our yards, we will pawn our wives and children and we will beat our heads so that someone will become our boss. And what praise will all of us receive from the Russian land that such a great thing will happen from such a small city as ours.” At Minin’s suggestion, the 30-year-old Novgorod prince Dmitry Pozharsky was invited to the post of chief governor.

Pozharsky agreed to be a governor on the condition that the townspeople themselves would choose an assistant for him who would be in charge of the treasury of the militia. And Minin became “the elected man of the whole earth.” More than 10 thousand serving local people, up to three thousand Cossacks, more than a thousand archers and many “dacha people” from the peasants gathered under the banners of Pozharsky and Minin. With the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God, the Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo militia managed to take China Town by storm on November 1, 1612 and expel the Poles from Moscow. On November 4, the command of the interventionist garrison signed a surrender and released the Moscow boyars and other nobles from the Kremlin; the next day the garrison surrendered.

At the end of February 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Romanov, the first Russian Tsar from the Romanov dynasty, as the new Tsar. By decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a holiday was established in honor of this great event (celebrated until 1917). This day was included in the church calendar as the Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612.

November 4, 1784 (October 24, O.S.) Osip (Giuseppe) Ivanovich Bove was born (1784-1834) - Russian architect, famous for the reconstruction of Moscow after the fire of 1812. Beauvais was born in St. Petersburg in the family of the Neapolitan artist Vincenzo Giovanni Bova, who came to Russia in 1782 to work in the Hermitage. The name Giuseppe was later changed in Russian style to Osip Ivanovich. Soon after Osip's birth, the family moved to Moscow.

From 1802 he studied at the architectural school at the Kremlin Building Expedition, under Camporesi. The beginning of the young architect’s creative activity took place under the guidance of M.F. Kazakova and K.I. Rossi in Moscow and Tver. During the war, Beauvais joins the militia.

To restore the burned Moscow, a special Commission was created, in which Bove became the architect of the fourth section and was responsible for the central districts of the city: Tverskaya, Arbatskaya, Presnenskaya, Novinskaya and Gorodskaya parts. In 1814, Beauvais was appointed chief architect of the "facade part", overseeing the projects and their "production exactly according to the projected lines, as well as the issued plans and facades."

Beauvais managed to renew the appearance of the ancient capital on a new scale and according to a single stylistic plan. Under the leadership of Bove, in the center of Moscow, the shopping arcades in the classicist style opposite the Kremlin were rebuilt (not preserved), Red Square was reconstructed, the earthworks around the Kremlin were demolished and the ditch was filled in, the Kremlin (Alexandrovsky) garden was laid out, the Manezh was built, Theater Square with the Bolshoi Theater was created (Mikhailov’s initial project). According to Bove's design, the Triumphal Gate was built at the Tverskaya Zastava (recreated in 1968 near Poklonnaya Gora).

Among the public buildings built by Beauvais, one of the most significant is the City Hospital on Bolshaya Kaluzhskaya Street. It was the first public hospital in the city, which was supposed to “accept for use people of all conditions.”

Among Bove's religious buildings, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Kotelniki has been preserved. In 1822, Bove built a church in the village of Arkhangelskoye, the estate of his wife, Princess Trubetskoy. One of the latest creations is the rotunda of the Church of All Who Sorrow on Bolshaya Ordynka. Beauvais died in Moscow and was buried in the Donskoy Monastery cemetery.

Events:

On this day in 1873 gold crowns for teeth were patented. This was done by a dentist from San Francisco, John Beers.

November 4, 1879 The first cash register was patented. James Ritty did this to put an end to the theft of bartenders in his saloon in the town of Dayton, USA, Ohio.

On this day in 1890 The world's first subway line opened in London. The first passenger and discoverer of the movement was the Prince of Wales, the future King of Great Britain Edward VII.

On the same day, but in 1922 Englishman Howard Carter discovered the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in Egypt. The excavations lasted two years and made amazing discoveries - for thousands of years this burial was miraculously not plundered.

November 4, 1946 UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, was founded in Paris.

On this day in 1970 The Human Rights Committee was organized in the USSR. The organization's charter was signed on this day by academician Andrei Sakharov, young theorist Andrei Tverdokhlebov and Valery Chalidze.

Birthdays:

November 4, 1577 (430 years ago) was born Joseph (Francois Leclerc Du Tremblay)(1577 - 12/18/1638), famous French diplomat and clergyman. He was one of the main court intriguers of his time and after he became the secretary of Cardinal Richelieu in 1611, he received the nickname "Grey Eminence".

On this day in 1840 was born Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov(1840 - 15.9.1866), revolutionary who unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Alexander II.

November 4, 1897 (110 years ago) was born Alexandra Sergeevna Khokhlova(11/4/1897 - 8/22/1985), famous silent film actress of the 20s.

On this day in 1934 was born Nikolai Alfredovich Plate, famous chemist, academician, vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

On this day in 1956 was born Igor Talkov(1956 - 6.10.1991), singer, songwriter.

November 4, 1972 was born Luis Filipe Madeira Coeiro Figo, famous Portuguese footballer, midfielder of the national team. Winner of the Cup Winners' Cup and Super Cup in 1997, the Golden Ball as the best football player in Europe in 2000, and won the Champions League in 2002.

Sorrowful dates:

On this day in 1847 (160 years ago) died Felix Mendelssohn(3.2.1809 - 1847), great German composer, founder of the first German conservatory in 1843 - in Leipzig.

November 4, 1987 (20 years ago) died Mikhail Ivanovich Tsarev(12/1/1903 - 1987), actor of the Maly Theater, People's Artist of the USSR.

On this day in 1995 died Yitzhak Rabin(1.3.1922 - 1995), Prime Minister of Israel, assassinated by a Jewish extremist.

Name days:

Today, according to the Orthodox calendar, name days are celebrated by Alexander, Anna, Anton, Anfisa, Vasily, Vladimir, German, Gregory, Denis, Elizabeth, Zakhar, Ivan, Irakli, Konstantin, Maximilian, Nikolai, Pavel, Seraphim and Fedor.

The issue was prepared by Gulya Brik and Max K*.

The situation of the Moscow state at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries was very difficult. Crises followed one after another, becoming preconditions for foreign Catholic intervention and imposture. Representatives of the Second People's Zemstvo Militia were able to defend national freedom and the Orthodox faith. The story of the feat accomplished by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky will forever remain in the memory of the Russian people.

Lesson option [PDF ] [DOCX ]
Presentation [PDF ] [PPTX ]
Student assignments (worksheet) [PDF ] [DOCX ]

Target: the formation of a value-based attitude to the events of national history, to the feats of the people and national heroes, students’ comprehension of the experience of the heroic defense of the Motherland.

Tasks:

• introduce students to memorable events of Russian history of the 17th century;
• help in understanding the role and significance of the people's militia and its heroes in the life of the state;
• education of students in the spirit of patriotism and citizenship;
• developing the ability to express one’s point of view in a reasoned manner;
• formation of humanistic qualities of the individual.

The methodological material (scenario) is advisory in nature; The class teacher, taking into account the characteristics of each class, can vary the tasks, their number, and change the stages of the class hour.

Task No. 1

Read the text, look at the image on the slide, complete the task.

Kochegarov K. A. Minin and Pozharsky: stories / Ed. Doctor of History Sciences Yu.A. Petrova. – M.: LLC “Russian Word – Textbook”, 2012. – 48 p.: ill.

1. What will we talk about during the class hour?

2. What period of Russian history is the activity of the main characters associated with? Give reasons for your answer.

Task No. 2

Read the statements of Russian historians, look at the image on the slide, complete the task.

1. What do these statements have in common?

2. Based on the above statements, select your own characteristics that reflect the Time of Troubles. Comment your answer.

Task No. 3

Read the text, look at the image on the slide, complete the task.

1. Describe the situation in Moscow at the beginning of the 17th century.

2. Suggest what could have been done in this situation. Comment your answer.

Task No. 4

Look at the image on the slide and film fragment, complete the task.

1. What are the features of the formation of the Second Militia?

2. Suggest why Russian cities supported the movements of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky? Give reasons for your answer.

Task No. 5

Read the text, look at the image on the slide, study the diagram, complete the task.

1. What do you see as the significance of this military operation?

2. Indicate on the diagram the objects of the Moscow Kremlin involved in the decisive battle. Give reasons for your answer.

Task No. 6

Look at the images on the slide and complete the tasks.

The monument to Minin and Pozharsky, designed by the architect Ivan Petrovich Martos, was erected in Moscow in 1818. One of the bas-reliefs depicts the sculptor Martos, giving two sons to the Fatherland.

About this monument, the Russian philosopher Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky said: “ When I pass by this monument, when I look at it, my friends, what happens to me then! Here, I think, are two... giants of centuries, immortalizing their names with their fiery love for their dear Motherland. They sacrificed everything to her: name, life, blood... and saved their dying homeland. Their names are immortal, as are their deeds».

1. Give arguments confirming the words of V. G. Belinsky.

2. In 2004, a smaller copy of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square was installed in Nizhny Novgorod.

3. What caused the choice of the city to erect a copy of the monument? Give reasons for your answer.

Task No. 7

Read the texts “People's Militia in the Patriotic War of 1812” and “Moscow People's Militia of 1941 through the Eyes of a Participant”, look at the image on the slide, complete the task.

1. What unites these historical materials?

2. Using the materials presented, explain what role the People’s Militia played in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War.

3. Explain the concept of “national hero”.

4. Name the names of Russian national heroes that you know.

5. Which of the famous national heroes of Russian history can be put on a par with Minin and Pozharsky? Give reasons for your answer.

Information sources:

Kochegarov K. A. Minin and Pozharsky: stories / Ed. Doctor of History Sciences Yu. A. Petrova. – M.: LLC “Russian Word – Textbook”, 2012. – 48 p.: ill.

Sakharov A. Encyclopedia “Russian Civilization”.