Three excellent varieties of pears. Description of the Caucasus pear variety Caucasus pear variety. Description

It would seem that the pear is a plant known to everyone, however, it also has features that not everyone knows about. This is not just a tree with tasty fruits, but also a beautiful ornamental plant that can decorate your garden or park.

So, pear (PYRUS) is a deciduous tree, usually tall or medium in size, sometimes a shrub.

The trunk of the tree is straight, up to 25 m tall. The bark is wrinkled, with cracks. The crown is often pyramidal, round, less often spreading. The leaves are alternate, usually of medium size. Naked and shiny on top.

Flowers form corymbose inflorescences with 3-20 flowers in them. White, sometimes pink flowers are located on short branches of branches several years old and consist of 5 petals. The fruits are round, obverse-conical. Belongs to the Rosaceae family.

The pear grows mainly in mountain forests. Loves lighted places, undemanding to soil, resistant to drought. Loves soils that are deep, loose, sandy loam, rich in humus. Doesn't like a lot of moisture. Adapts well to urban environments. grafting. Used as an ornamental plant in single plantings, the formation of groups, edges.

The most famous types of pear

Caucasian pear

Pyrus caucasica grows in the wooded part of the Caucasus to the south of Azerbaijan and Armenia. In nature, it forms groves along river valleys, in clearings of hornbeam and oak forests. Grows up to 26 m.

The root system has a well-defined main root, from which there are many branches, especially if the pear grows in a rocky area.

The plant is propagated by seeds and semi-lignified cuttings, which take root well. Sowing is done in spring or before winter. Before spring sowing, the seeds are stratified for 2 months at a temperature of +5 degrees. This species is well resistant to drought and does not require watering.

The tree is most beautiful during periods of flowering and fruiting. Its bark is gray, flaky, peeling off in large strips. The branches are dark brown or greenish-brown, spiny, covered with many white lenticels. The leaves are round, sometimes somewhat oblong. The leaves are shiny above, dull below. Petioles are 2 times longer than the plate.

The variety blooms at the end of April, sometimes at the beginning of May. White flowers are five-petaled, collected in corymbs of 5-8. The fruits are yellow, on long stalks, edible, fruit diameter up to 3 cm.

Caucasian pear usually serves as a rootstock for cultivated varieties.

Willow pear

Pyrus salicifolia Pall is distributed in the foothills of the North Caucasus, eastern Transcaucasia, and Central Asia. It can be found in arid open forests of the middle and lower mountain zones.

This tree is not tall, only 8-10 m. Its branches end in thorns. Young shoots have white felt pubescence. The crown is broadly ovoid. Young leaves are silvery in color, later becoming dark green on top, shiny, and whitish-fluffy below. White flowers, like other species, form corymbose inflorescences. The fruits are small, about 2 cm, on a short stalk.

The willow pear is not demanding on soil composition, is drought-resistant, and can even tolerate soil compaction and salinity. It is not recommended to plant in areas not protected from cold winds.

In the spring, dried, damaged, frozen branches are pruned.

The pear produces root shoots abundantly; it is also propagated by seeds, but cuttings have low rooting capacity.

This species is extremely decorative, attracting attention with elegant openwork foliage and early flowering. Trees are planted individually, in groups and in edge plantings, and used as hedges.

The willow pear has a weeping shape. Thin drooping branches look beautiful in spring with white flowers and silvery-white leaves that turn gray-green in autumn.

The small green fruits are inedible and hang on the branches from summer to winter.

Pear pear

Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall grows wild in the Crimea, the Caucasus, where it is found on rocky steep slopes, the edges of oak and beech forests, and in clearings.

The tree grows up to 10 m. It has a wide crown, prickly shoots, felt-pubescent.

Silvery leaves, which is why the species received this name. The length of the leaves is about 9 cm, the diameter of the flowers is 2.5 cm. Pink flowers look impressive against the background of silvery foliage. The fruits are small, 2 cm in diameter.

The tree grows in infertile rocky places, is resistant to drought, and light-loving. It usually does not need pruning; only dry, diseased, broken branches are removed, as well as shoots directed towards the trunk.

The variety has high resistance to cold. It is propagated by sowing seeds before winter or in spring. Decoratively as single plants, also in groups in combination with dark green deciduous or coniferous trees. Can serve as a rootstock for cultivated varieties.

Common pear

Pyrus communis L. grows in the forest-steppes of the European region of Russia, in the mountain forests of Southern and Central Europe, Central Asia, and Asia Minor. You can meet it more often in clearings, edges of deciduous and coniferous forests.

The tree grows up to 20 m. The branches are bare, young ones are prickly. The leaves are pubescent at first, then shiny and smooth. The petioles are long, the leaf is elliptical or rounded-ovate. The flowers appear before the leaves, they are white, 3 cm in diameter. The fruits are yellow, the stalk is thin.

The common pear grows slowly. It tolerates drought, frost, and wind well. Adapts perfectly to urban conditions. Young trees are easy to trim and form dense thickets.

This species is propagated by seeds. Well suited as a rootstock for cultivated varieties. The tree is a long-liver, its age can be more than 300 years.

The pear is most decorative during the flowering season, also in autumn attire, when the foliage turns bright purple-orange.

Ussuri pear

Distributed in nature in the Primorsky Territory, Amur Region, Khabarovsk Territory, Korea, and northeast China. Grows on forest edges, mountain slopes, and river valleys.

The Ussuri pear is a beautiful tree 15 m high. The trunk is straight, dark gray, and can even be almost black. The dense crown grows in all directions, forming a beautiful tent if the tree is sufficiently illuminated. The ovoid leaves are shiny, dark green, dense. In autumn they turn purple-red. The white flowers are quite large, 4 cm in diameter, emit a strong smell, grow in inflorescences of 5-10 pieces, and appear before the leaves. They are pollinated by pollen from a neighboring tree, so single-planted pears do not bear fruit. The pulp of the fruit is tart, the shape and color differ among different varieties.

This species is propagated by root suckers, layering, and seeds.

The pear looks very impressive against the backdrop of pines, spruces, and birches. It tolerates urban conditions calmly and reduces noise very effectively.

Variety selected by the Stavropol Horticulture Experimental Station. Obtained from crossing the Williams variety with Forest Beauty. The author of the variety is P.V. Kuznetsov. Zoned in the North Caucasus region.

Tree small, wide-pyramidal crown, medium density. The bark on the trunk is smooth, gray. The branches are arched, rounded, brown.

Escapes have a dark cherry color. The lentils are small, there are few of them, the buds are bent, medium-sized, conical, smooth. The leaves are medium or below average, ovate, short-pointed, dark green, smooth, matte. The leaf blade is concave, there is no pubescence, the leaf edge is finely serrated. The petiole is long, medium, glabrous. Stipules are small, elongated. The flowers are medium, white. The petals are round.

Fruit very beautiful, one-dimensional, pear-shaped, lumpy, regular in shape. The skin is medium thick, oily, greenish-yellow when ripe. The integumentary color occupies most of the fruit, blurred, red. Subcutaneous dots are medium-sized, green, clearly visible. The peduncle is medium, thick, curved, oblique. There is no funnel, the calyx is closed, the saucer is small, wide, and grooved. The heart is elliptical. The seed chambers are closed, the seeds are medium-sized, pitcher-shaped, light brown.
The pulp is creamy, tender, oily, very juicy, sweet, aromatic. Chemical composition of fruits: dry matter – 18.6%, sugars – 10.4%, titratable acids – 0.19%, ascorbic acid – 9.5 mg/100g.
The usual period for picking fruits is from August 20 to September 5. Storage duration is up to 20 days, in special storage facilities – 1.5 months. Marketability of fruits is high. The yield of first grade fruit is 90%.
Fruit, taken 10 days before consumer maturity (August 10-15), tolerate transportation well.
The variety needs pollinators. The best pollinators are the following varieties: Lyubimitsa Klappa, Williams, Bere Bosk, Krasnoshchekaya, Nalchikskaya Kostyka, Korsunskaya.
The trees begin to bear fruit in the 7th year. The productivity of the variety is high. Flowering and fruiting are regular. In the foothill zone of the Stavropol Territory, the fruit yield from 8-12 year old trees on the Caucasian forest pear rootstock was 153 c/ha. Winter hardiness is high. The variety is relatively resistant to diseases. During years of severe epiphytotics, the incidence of scab is 0.5-1 points.

Advantages of the variety: productivity, high marketability of fruits, suitability for consumption both fresh and for various types of processing.

Disadvantages of the variety: The fruits are significantly susceptible to attack by Monilia fruitis.
The variety is recommended for selection for large size and good quality fruits. Successful on quince.

Characteristics of the Caucasus pear variety.

Originator: Stavropol Experimental Station for Horticulture. Obtained from crossing the variety with Forest Beauty.

A late summer pear variety, the usual fruit harvest period is from August 20 to September 5. Storage duration is up to 20 days, in special storage facilities – 1.5 months.

The tree of the Caucasus pear variety is small, the crown is wide-pyramidal, and of medium density. The bark on the trunk is smooth, gray. The branches are arched, rounded, brown. The shoots have a dark cherry color. The lentils are small, there are few of them, the buds are bent, medium-sized, conical, smooth. The leaves are medium or below average, ovate, short-pointed, dark green, smooth, matte. The leaf blade is concave, there is no pubescence, the leaf edge is finely serrated. The petiole is long, medium, glabrous. Stipules are small, elongated. The flowers are medium, white. The petals are round.

The fruits of the Caucasus pear variety are very beautiful, one-dimensional, pear-shaped, lumpy, and regular in shape. The skin is medium thick, oily, greenish-yellow when ripe. The integumentary color occupies most of the fruit, blurred, red. Subcutaneous dots are medium-sized, green, clearly visible. The peduncle is medium, thick, curved, oblique. There is no funnel, the calyx is closed, the saucer is small, wide, and grooved. The heart is elliptical. The seed chambers are closed, the seeds are medium-sized, pitcher-shaped, light brown. The pulp is creamy, tender, oily, very juicy, sweet, aromatic. Chemical composition of fruits: dry matter – 18.6%, sugars – 10.4%, titratable acids – 0.19%, ascorbic acid – 9.5 mg/100g.

Winter hardiness is high. The Caucasus pear variety is relatively resistant to disease. During years of severe epiphytotics, the incidence of scab is 0.5-1 points.

The trees begin to bear fruit in the 7th year. The productivity of the Caucasus pear variety is high. Flowering and fruiting are regular. In the foothill zone of the Stavropol Territory, the fruit yield from 8-12 year old trees on the Caucasian forest pear rootstock was 153 c/ha. Marketability of fruits is high. The yield of first grade fruit is 90%. Fruits picked 10 days before consumer ripeness (August 10-15) tolerate transportation well. The variety needs pollinators. The best pollinators are the following varieties: Lyubimitsa Klappa, Krasnoshchekaya, Nalchikskaya Kostyka, Korsunskaya. The variety is recommended for selection for large size and good quality fruits. Successful on quince.

Value of the variety: productivity, high marketability of fruits, suitability for consumption both fresh and for various types of processing. Disadvantages: Fruits are significantly susceptible to attack by Monilia fruitis.

The Caucasus pear variety is zoned in the North Caucasus region.

Spreading

It is found in almost the entire forested part of the Caucasus up to Southern Armenia and Azerbaijan. In the Caucasus, it forms groves of significant area - pear trees, populating cleared areas of oak and hornbeam forests along river valleys. It rises into the mountains to 1000–1500 m absolute height. Forms stands with hazel, alder, ash, hawthorn and oak. Wind-resistant, salt- and drought-resistant, but not frost-resistant and not shade-tolerant.

Tree

A tall, low-blooming tree, well cleared of branches. The crown is pyramidal. Young branches are bare, covered with gray bark, prickly. The leaves are round or broadly ovate, sometimes almost rhombic; 3-4(5) cm long with a rounded base, blunt or pointed into a short point, entire, glabrous, semi-leathery, shiny above, dull below, hairy at the edges. The petioles are long, 2-3 times longer than the leaf blade. It blooms in April-May. Flowers in a shield. The stalk is 2–3 times longer than the fruit. The fruits are glabrous, round or flattened, and ripe grayish-black with a retaining calyx. It bears fruit from July to September; in October the fruits fall to the ground. The annual fruit harvest in the Caucasus is at least 116 thousand tons. The fruits are processed into marshmallows, bekmes, vinegar, and vodka; They are dried for compotes and consumed raw. The wild fruits of this pear are widely used in the Caucasus as a rootstock for cultivated varieties. The Caucasian pear is very diverse in terms of fruit shape and size, taste and a number of other characteristics.

Wood

The color of the wood is pink or red-brown, the sapwood is the same color as the mature wood. There are core repetitions in the form of darkly colored dots on the end and brownish dots on the radial section. The medullary rays and annual layers stand out when split in the radial direction in the form of narrow and short stripes of a darker color than the wood. Density at 15% humidity is 0.59 g/cm³, at 12% humidity - 0.58 g/cm³.

Drying

Dries well, does not warp or crack.

Strength

The wood is dense, hard, and has great compressive strength and impact toughness.

Durability

The wood is resistant to rotting.

Technological properties

Can be processed well with all types of cutting tools. Steamed wood has a reddish tint. Well varnished and polished.

Application

Due to its beautiful color and texture, it is widely used as a facing material for making furniture, plywood, and musical instruments. Used for making slide rules.